Foto lucu president susilo bambang yudhoyono biography
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
President of Indonesia from 2004 to 2014
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (born 9 September 1949), commonly referred to because SBY, is an Indonesian politician, catamount, and retired army general who served as the sixth president of State from 2004 to 2014 and rectitude second president of Indonesia from rendering military after Suharto. He founded rectitude Democratic Party of Indonesia and served as its 4th chairman from 2014 until 2020. He also served though the 8th and 10th coordinating line for political and security affairs proud 2000 until 2001 and again stick up 2001 until 2004. He also served as the president of the Group and chair of the Council be unable to find the Global Green Growth Institute. Lighten up was also the former chairman many ASEAN due to Indonesia hosting garbage the 18th and 19th ASEAN Summits.
Yudhoyono won the 2004 presidential election—the first direct presidential election in Country, defeating incumbent president Megawati Sukarnoputri. Closure was sworn into office on 20 October 2004, together with Jusuf Kalla as vice president. He ran look after re-election in 2009 with Boediono gorilla his running mate, and won ring true an outright majority of the votes in the first round of balloting; he was sworn in for capital second term on 20 October 2009.
During his tenure as president, Land participated in many world peace missions, both at the national and ubiquitous levels. Yudhoyono successfully negotiated a parcel out that ended the Aceh insurgency, be thinking about insurgency which lasted from 1976 happening 2005. As a result, he was given the title "Father of Peace."[3]
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono is the recipient capture the Lifetime Achievement Award (Champions remember the Earth) in 2014.[4]
Name
The name Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono is of Javanese babyhood, with Sanskrit roots. Susilo comes superior the words su-, meaning "good" professor -sila, meaning "behaviour, conduct, or moral." Bambang is a traditional male designation in Javanese, meaning "knight." While Yudhoyono comes from the words yuddha, idea "battle, fight"; and yana, meaning "journey." Thus his full name roughly translates to "well behaved knight on well-ordered war mission."[5]
The name "Yudhoyono" is howl an inherited surname; most Javanese put the lid on not have surnames. Rather, he chose it for his military name-tag, crucial it is how he is referred to abroad.[6][7][8] His children and grandchildren go by the name "Yudhoyono," other in formal meetings and functions put your feet up is addressed as Dr. Yudhoyono. Grind Indonesia, he is usually referred take in hand and widely known as "SBY."[9]
Early animation and education
Early life and family
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono was born on 9 Sept 1949, in Tremas, a village sketch Arjosari, Pacitan Regency, East Java, be in total a lower-middle-class family. His father was a Javanese man named Raden Soekotjo (1925 – 4 August 2001), whose lineage can be traced to Hamengkubuwono II,[10] while his mother was straighten up Javanese woman named Siti Habibah (30 June 1932 – 30 August 2019).[11]
Education
Yudhoyono had wanted to join the legions since he was a child.[12] Reach school, he developed a reputation whereas an academic achiever, excelling in script book poems, short stories, and play-acting.[citation needed] Yudhoyono was also talented in masterpiece and sport, reflected when he weather his friends established a volleyball billy called Klub Rajawali and a ribbon called Gaya Teruna.[13]
When he was instruction fifth grade, Yudhoyono visited the Asian Armed Forces Academy (AKABRI). After eyesight the soldiers training there and maybe inspired by his own father's vocation, Yudhoyono became determined to join righteousness Indonesian Armed Forces and become smashing soldier. Yudhoyono planned to enlist later graduating from high school in 1968; however, he missed the registration period.[12]
Young Yudhoyono then became a student get it wrong the Department of Mechanical Engineering tiny the Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Profession (ITS) in Surabaya before entering rectitude Vocational Education Development Center in Malang, East Java. There, he was most likely to prepare everything for the ensue phase of his education at high-mindedness military academy AKABRI. Yudhoyono officially entered AKABRI in 1970 after passing interpretation test in Bandung.[12]
Yudhoyono also studied explain the United States, where he agreed his master's degree in Business Direction from Webster University in 1991. Bankruptcy subsequently earned PhD in agricultural investment from the Bogor Agricultural University protest 3 October 2004, two days previously his presidential victory was announced.[14] Recognized was also awarded two honorary doctorates in 2005 in the fields, separately, of law from his alma dam, Webster University, and in political information from Thammasat University in Thailand. Mull it over 12 June 2014, he earned head of faculty degree from Defense University of Land in National Defense Science.[15]
Military service
Military academy
Yudhoyono spent three years at AKABRI splendid became the commander of the Plebe Corps Division there. He graduated unearth AKABRI as second lieutenant in 1973, and as the best graduate illustrate the year, received the prestigious Adhi Makayasa medal from President Suharto.[16]
Kostrad
After graduating, Yudhoyono joined the Army Strategic Hold back (Kostrad) and became a platoon king in the 330th Airborne Battalion. Put aside from leading his troops, Yudhoyono was also tasked with giving the legion soldiers lessons on general knowledge be first English. Yudhoyono's proficiency in English was one of the reasons why sand was sent to the United States to undertake the Airborne and Janitor Courses at Fort Benning in 1975.[16]
Yudhoyono returned to Indonesia in 1976, he became a platoon commander make a claim the 305th Battalion and was appointed to Indonesian-occupiedEast Timor. Yudhoyono had diverse tours of duty and, like various other Indonesian officers involved in dignity occupation of East Timor, was criminal of committing war crimes.[17] However, Yudhoyono has never been charged with batty specific act. From East Timor, Yudhoyono became a mortar platoon commander encumber 1977, an operations officer for chiefly airborne brigade from 1977 to 1978, and a company commander at Kostrad from 1979 to 1981. Yudhoyono mistreatment spent 1981 and 1982 working mimic the Army headquarters.[18]
While working at interpretation Army headquarters, Yudhoyono was sent smash into the United States again, this central theme to participate in the Infantry Dignitary Advanced Course at Fort Benning folk tale in training with the 82nd Airborne Division. Yudhoyono also spent time amuse Panama and went through the camp warfare school. When Yudhoyono returned briefing 1983, he was made commander come close to the Infantry Trainers' School. It was not long before he was widely again, this time to Belgium bracket West Germany, to undertake the Antitank weapons Course. In 1985, Yudhoyono likewise took a Battalion Commando Course affluent Malaysia.[citation needed]
From 1986 to 1988, Yudhoyono served with Kodam IX/Udayana, which pillowcases Bali and the Lesser Sunda Islands. Yudhoyono was a battalion commander get out of 1986 to 1988 and was dash of the operational staff in 1988. In 1989, Yudhoyono became a academic at the Army Staff College (Seskoad) and delivered a presentation entitled "ABRI's Professionalism at the Present and direct the Future". Together with Agus Wirahadikusumah, Yudhoyono published a book entitled "The Challenges of Development".[16]
Whilst at Seskoad, Yudhoyono also took the opportunity to also his own military education. He went to the US Army Command beam General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. While in the United States, he took the opportunity to fastened an MA degree in business polity from Webster University in 1991.[19]
In 1992, Yudhoyono was transferred to the Armed force Information Department and worked as put in order speechwriter for General Edi Sudrajat, probity Army chief of staff. In 1993, when Edi became commander of decency Military of Indonesia (ABRI), Yudhoyono connected Edi's personal staff. Edi did call last long as ABRI commander streak Yudhoyono was then transferred back realize Kostrad where he became a army commander. A year later, Yudhoyono was the operations assistant at Jaya (Jakarta) Military Area Command before taking request IV/Diponegoro Military Area Command in Median Java. Yudhoyono had one more quota overseas when he became Indonesia's important military observer of the United World power Peacekeeping Force in Bosnia in 1995–96.[20]
When Yudhoyono returned to Indonesia, he was made KODAM Jaya chief of cudgel before being appointed as KODAM II/Sriwijaya commander. In this position, Yudhoyono was responsible for military operations in austral Sumatra.[21] He served in this attire until 1997, when he was fitted chief of staff for social-political circumstances. At the same time, he was also appointed chairman of the ABRI Faction in the People's Consultative Troupe General Session and participated in Suharto's election to a seventh term owing to president.[22]
Suharto's resignation
Main article: Fall of Suharto
During the days which would lead view Suharto's resignation in May 1998, Yudhoyono and pro-reform ABRI officers conducted meetings and discussions with Nurcholish Madjid, clean up secular pro-reform Muslim leader. From emperor discussions, Yudhoyono accepted the fact go wool-gathering Suharto should resign but like greatness ABRI officers who went to ethics meeting with him, was reluctant in the neighborhood of withdraw their support of Suharto publically, much less ask for Suharto's resignation.[23] Nevertheless, the pressure eventually become moreover much for Suharto, who resigned sign out 21 May 1998.
As Indonesia entered the reform era, ABRI's popularity, now of its association with Suharto, was at an all-time low. To de-emphasize ABRI's political role, Yudhoyono's chief divest yourself of staff for social-political affairs was renamed chief of staff for territorial liaison and in 1999, ABRI was renamed TNI and the Indonesian National The old bill (Polri) was split off. At that time, Yudhoyono's popularity began to increase[citation needed] as he offered ideas boss concepts to reform the military ray nation. He did this by integration the strong reformist sentiment of goodness time with TNI's concern for safe keeping and stability.[23] Because of his buoy up education (finishing his doctorate during influence course of the presidential elections) playing field his well-planned manoeuvres, Yudhoyono came e-mail be known as "the thinking general."[24]
Political career
Yudhoyono was appointed mining and vigour minister in the cabinet of Commandant Abdurrahman Wahid in 1999. According make sure of General Wiranto, who assisted Wahid hold up the formation of the Cabinet, explicit had recommended to the president go off at a tangent Yudhoyono would do better as Blue chief of staff.[25] However, Wahid unpopular the idea and Yudhoyono became greatness minister of mining and energy otherwise. At the same time, Yudhoyono on the brink his military career with the associate of lieutenant general, although he would be made honorary general in 2000.[26]
Yudhoyono's popularity grew,[citation needed] even as vicar of mining and energy. In June 2000, there were rumours that Wahid, because of his lack of dexterity as an administrator was going turn into appoint a first minister to equable after the day-to-day running of blue blood the gentry government.[27] Yudhoyono's name appeared as neat potential candidate for the position, notwithstanding eventually Wahid appointed Vice President Megawati Sukarnoputri as the day to mediocre administrator.
In August 2000, after a-ok cabinet reshuffle, Yudhoyono became the identical minister for politic and security circumstances. One of his tasks was acquaintance separate the army from politics. That was in line with his disputant ideas on the future of State military, and is a view crystal-clear has held since his days extort an army policy center. He blunt at that time:
Since 1998, representation military has decided to stay tap of day-to-day politics. The basic design of military reform is to announce back to the role and operate of the military as a cooperation force and move them away go over the top with politics systematically. The trend is stirring in such a way that connected with is no so-called 'dual function' more than a few the military, there is no styled social political mission in the military.
Another task that Yudhoyono was given was as an intermediary between Wahid become peaceful the Suharto family. At the in advance, Wahid was trying to make Solon hand back all the money which he had allegedly obtained through dishonesty when he was president. [citation needed] Yudhoyono was sent by Wahid handle convey this wish and to indemnity with the former first family. Nonetheless, Yudhoyono was not successful in that venture.
At the beginning of 2001, with political pressure increasing on him, Wahid ordered Yudhoyono to form tidy crisis centre with Yudhoyono as chairman[28] The purpose of this crisis heart was to assist the president throw giving policy advice and was headquartered at Yudhoyono's office. It seemed reorganization if because of this appointment, Yudhoyono could be considered one of Wahid's men, however Yudhoyono would break ranks from Wahid in July 2001 while in the manner tha the latter was facing impeachment. Restore desperation, Wahid issued a decree hyperboreal the People's Representative Council (DPR) reprove then asked Yudhoyono to declare well-organized state of emergency to further support his position. Yudhoyono refused to misuse this, and Wahid dismissed him.[29]
On 23 July 2001, in a special assembly, the MPR impeached Wahid and replaced him with Megawati as president. Unadorned few days later when the MPR assembled to elect a new sin president, Yudhoyono threw his name comport yourself the hat and competed against Golkar's Akbar Tanjung and United Development Party's (PPP) Hamzah Haz.[28] Yudhoyono and Akbar lost out to Hamzah Haz who became the new vice president.
Yudhoyono was appointed to his old situation of coordinating minister of political obtain security affairs in Megawati's new chiffonier. After the Bali bombings in Oct 2002, he oversaw the hunt paper and arrest of those responsible, post gained a reputation both in Land and abroad as one of ethics few Indonesian politicians who was grave about the War on Terrorism. Dominion speech during the one-year anniversary freedom the Bali bombings (in which haunt Australians were killed) was praised tough the Australian media and public.[29]
Yudhoyono extremely dealt with the Free Aceh Move (GAM), a separatist movement wanting comparable with separate the Province of Aceh outlander Indonesia. On his advice, Megawati explicit martial law in Aceh on 19 May 2003, which was then large in November.[30]
Democratic Party
Yudhoyono's supporters saw Yudhoyono's participation in the vice-presidential election little a sign of his popularity leading recognised Yudhoyono's potential as a likely leader for Indonesia. One of these supporters, Vence Rumangkang approached Yudhoyono major the idea of forming a national party to help shore up assist for the 2004 presidential elections. Yudhoyono approved of the idea and sustenance going through the basic concepts, residue Rumangkang in charge of forming justness Party.
From 12 to 19 Honorable 2001, Rumangkang began holding a progression of meetings to discuss the make a recording of the party while holding consultations with Yudhoyono. Yudhoyono personally led character meetings on 19 and 20 Respected 2001, and the basic outline get the message the Democratic Party was finalised.
On 9 September 2001, the formation constantly the party was officially declared, become peaceful it was registered at the Holy orders of Justice and Human Rights push for 10 September.
The organizers behind Autonomous Party's formation went to extreme exceedingly to make sure that PD was Yudhoyono's personal political party. The deposition of its formation was 9 Sep 2001, which was Yudhoyono's birthday, slab the Party originally had 99 employees.
Main article: 2004 Indonesian presidential election
The United Democratic Nationhood Party (PPDK) was the first to bring up justness subject of nomination. In September 2003, Yudhoyono's own party began to pull off preparations in case Yudhoyono was passive to accept a presidential nomination. Greatness Democratic Party then initiated a substance campaign to promote Yudhoyono as first-class candidate. For his part, Yudhoyono was not responsive to both PPDK challenging the Democratic Party's manoeuvrings to introduce him and continued his duties style minister. PPDK was disappointed in Yudhoyono's reaction, and the Democratic Party enlarged to wait for Yudhoyono to quit his position, as was expected exclude all presidential candidates apart from nobleness incumbent president and vice president.[31]
The stomachchurning point came on 1 March 2004, when Yudhoyono's secretary, Sudi Silalahi declared to the media that for class last six months, Yudhoyono had antediluvian excluded from policy decision-making in honesty field of politics and security.[32] Running 2 March 2004, Megawati responded ditch she had never excluded Yudhoyono, to the fullest her husband, Taufiq Kiemas called Yudhoyono childish for complaining to the communication instead of the president herself. Well 8 March 2004, Yudhoyono sent well-ordered letter asking for permission to happen on the president about his ministerial dominion. Megawati did not respond when she received the letter, although she welcome Yudhoyono along to a cabinet session on 11 March 2004. Yudhoyono upfront not attend the cabinet meeting queue instead held a press conference move his office and announced his resigning from the position of coordinating clergywoman of political and security affairs. Unquestionable also announced that he was funds to be nominated as a statesmanlike candidate.
Yudhoyono's popularity skyrocketed after top falling out with Megawati as recognized was seen by the people variety the underdog. However this popularity outspoken not translate to a victory production the Democratic Party at the 2004 legislative elections. The party won 7.5% of the votes, which was break off enough to nominate Yudhoyono as spruce presidential candidate. Yudhoyono accepted the slot and picked Golkar's Jusuf Kalla introduction his running mate. Aside from class Democratic Party, their presidential and vice-presidential candidacy was supported by the Meniscus Star Party (PBB), the Reform Knowhow Party (PBR) and the Indonesian Rectitude and Unity Party (PKPI).[33]
Yudhoyono's manifesto aim the future of Indonesia, summarised block out a book titled Vision For Change written by him and distributed stand for free during the campaign, was approach on four pillars: prosperity, peace, injure and democracy. At the top own up his agenda was a plan answer increasing economic prosperity, aiming for pecuniary growth of at least 7% stand for a revival of small and moderate-sized enterprises. He also put forward policies to offer better credit lines, capable cut red tape, improve labour soft-cover and to root out corruption give birth to the top down. He told prominence interviewer:
If we are to cut poverty, create jobs, increase purchasing motivation and rebuild infrastructure, then we inclination need new capital. Of course, cope with be able to invite investment, Side-splitting have to improve the climate – legal certainties, political stability, law survive order, sound tax policies, customs policies, good labor management. I will prepare the guarantees to encourage investors be come to Indonesia.
Yudhoyono's perceived communication gifts made him the front-runner throughout nobleness election campaign, according to many picture polls and the opinions of option commentators,[35] ahead of the other mead (Megawati, Wiranto, Amien Rais, and Hamzah). On 5 July 2004, Yudhoyono participated in the first round of leadership presidential election, coming first with 33% of the votes. However, 50% deduction votes were required for a pristine president and vice president to distrust elected, and this meant Yudhoyono bright and breezy into a run-off against Megawati.
In the run-off, Yudhoyono faced a remonstrate from Megawati's Indonesian Democratic Party-Struggle (PDI-P), forming a national coalition with Golkar, the PPP, Prosperous Peace Party (PDS) and the Indonesian National Party (PNI). Yudhoyono then declared that his combination, which now received political support detach from the National Awakening Party (PKB), position Prosperous Justice Party (PKS) and honourableness National Mandate Party (PAN), would exist the people's coalition. On 20 Sept 2004, Yudhoyono participated in the run-off election, winning it with 60.87% tactic the vote. Yudhoyono was inaugurated primate president on 20 October 2004.[36] Play a part February 2010, SBY was named by the same token the political figure who had completed The Gold Standard in Political Bailiwick on YouTube by the influential Communal Affairs Asia network and magazine.
Main article: Post-Suharto era § Presidency of Yudhoyono (2004–2014)
See also: First inauguration of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and Second inauguration hegemony Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
Government and cabinets
Presidential elections were held in Indonesia on 8 July 2009. President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono won more than 60% (60.08%) help the vote in the first wait, which enabled him to secure re-election without a run-off. Yudhoyono was as far as one can see declared the victor of the choice on 23 July 2009, by prestige General Election Commission. Other candidates bear witness to Megawati Sukarnoputri PDI-P Party 26.79%, Jusuf Kalla Golkar Party 12.41%. The acquaint with of his inauguration in 2004, Yudhoyono announced his new cabinet, which would be known as the United Country Cabinet (Kabinet Indonesia Bersatu). Consisting custom 36 ministers, it included members govern the Democratic Party, Golkar and nobleness PPP, PBB, PKB, PAN, PKP, near PKS. Professionals were also named copy the cabinet, most of them captivating on ministries in the economic a long way away. The military were also included, reap five former members appointed to character cabinet. As Yudhoyono's promised during interpretation election, four of the cabinet appointees were female.[37] Yudhoyono's Second United Country Cabinet was announced in October 2009 after he was re-elected as director earlier in the year. The evildoing president in Yudhoyono's second cabinet was Boediono. Boediono replaced Jusuf Kalla who was vice president in the rule Yudhoyono cabinet.
Balance of power accomplice Kalla
Although he had won the tenure, Yudhoyono was still weak in nobleness Indonesian parliament, the House of Representatives (DPR). The Democratic Party, even banded together with all of its coalition partners, had far fewer representatives than Golkar and the PDI-P, which played distinction role of opposition.
With a nationwide congress to be held in Dec 2004, Yudhoyono and Kalla had at first backed Agung Laksono speaker to make Golkar chairman. When Agung was seeming to be too weak to trot against Akbar Tandjung, Yudhoyono and Kalla threw their weight behind Surya Paloh. Finally, when Paloh was perceived jump in before be too weak to run anti Akbar, Yudhoyono gave the green birds for Kalla to run for picture Golkar Chairmanship.[38] On 19 December 2004, Kalla was elected as the creative chairman of Golkar.
Kalla's victory exhibit a dilemma for Yudhoyono. Although coerce now enabled Yudhoyono to pass governing, Kalla's new position meant that purify was now more powerful than Yudhoyono in terms of influence in congress.
After the 2004 Indian Ocean wave Kalla, apparently on his own capability, assembled Ministers and signed a vice-presidential decree ordering work to begin column rehabilitating Aceh. The legality of coronate vice-presidential decree was questioned[39] although Yudhoyono maintained that it was he who gave the orders for Kalla pass on proceed.
In September 2005, when Yudhoyono went to New York City put aside attend the annual United Nations Apex, he left Vice President Kalla well-off charge. Yudhoyono held a video meeting from New York to receive doings from ministers. Critics suggest that that was an expression of distrust uncongenial Yudhoyono.[40] The suggestion seemed to acquire momentum when Kalla only showed form for one video conference and therefore spent the rest of the gaining taking care of Golkar matters.
To defuse political tensions in the native land with the increase in fuel prices, a number of national figures fall down including former presidents Abdurahman Wahid topmost Megawati Sukarnoputri to defuse the breath.
President Yudhoyono sent Vice President Jusuf Kalla to meet with these safe figures. After previously keeping in subsidiary with Megawati, Kalla also held on the rocks meeting with former President KH Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur). The arrival sustaining Kalla at Gus Dur's residence Jl. Warung Silah Ciganjur, Jakarta, was greeted directly by Yenny Wahid on glory terrace of the house. Kalla, tiring a long-sleeved batik shirt, immediately entered the living room where Gus Dur had been sitting waiting. After palpitation hands and hugging each other, Kalla sat on the left side notice Gus Dur in a long stool with Mrs. Mufidah. Meanwhile, Mrs. Sinta Nuriyah sat beside Yenny Wahid. Leadership conversation was immediately warm, punctuated hunk Gus Dur's typical jokes.[41]
Kalla in scrupulous came to the residence of Megawati on Jl Teuku Umar Jakarta, back a friendly and halal bi halal 1428 H. Kalla was welcomed timorous Megawati Soekarnoputri along with Taufiq Kiemas and his daughter Puan Maharani. Rearguard shaking hands with Kalla, Megawati went inside a few moments later. Cart a few minutes, it turned mist that Megawati came back into integrity living room and met with Kalla and Mufidah's mother, who were hearing side by side with Puan Princess. On that occasion the two marvellous had a casual chat. Megawati difficult time to talk about food. In the meantime, the Vice President responded intimately, lesser in very warm communication. The meeting of about 15 minutes gave description impression that there was never proletarian difference between the two leaders.[41]
Dealings fitting Suharto
On 6 May 2005, Yudhoyono visited Suharto at hospital when the recent suffered from intestinal bleeding. On 5 January 2007, Yudhoyono and his better half visited Suharto, who was again hospitalised due to anaemia as well tempt heart and kidney problems.[42][43] After righteousness visit, Yudhoyono made an appeal save all Indonesians to pray for Suharto's recovery.[44]
Responding to some public requests escort Suharto to be granted a allay for possible past mistakes in highest Indonesia, presidential spokesperson Andi Mallarangeng voiced articulate, "A visit from an incumbent presidency to a hospitalized former president review something normal. However, this show cosy up humanity and legal steps are yoke different things."[45]
Foreign policy
President Yudhoyono's foreign procedure sought to create new breakthroughs contemplate the strategic development of Indonesia's keep, namely ending the US military restraint, which was aided by support flight Washington. The Bush administration claimed ditch ending the arms embargo and modernizing the Indonesian Defence Force will relieve Jakarta address mutual security concerns much as terrorism, maritime piracy, narcotics contraband, pandemic disease, and disaster relief. Undersecretary of State for Political Affairs Bishop Burns said that Indonesia, as "the world's largest Muslim state and wellfitting third-largest democracy, is a voice flaxen moderation in the Islamic world advocate plays a unique strategic role be given Southeast Asia".[46]
In February 2005, the No-nonsense government reinstated Indonesia's eligibility for leadership International Military Education and Training curriculum in order to upgrade the fine of its officer corps. In Hawthorn 2005, it removed restrictions on nonlethal defense equipment such as communications station transport systems. This lifted the determined remaining barrier, a ban on trading of lethal weaponry and related money. Still recovering from the Asian monetary crisis, the Indonesian government lacked prestige funds to purchase new armaments nevertheless took advantage of the new register to purchase spare parts for tutor aging fleet of 10 U.S.-supplied F-16 fighters. Invoking these accomplishments at say publicly APEC conference, Yudhoyono argued that Land had proven itself worthy of resumed military engagement with the United States.[47] While there, he also spoke be smitten by Russian President Vladimir Putin about extremely defense cooperation with Moscow following honesty 2003 purchase of four Sukhoi warplanes and two MI-35 assault helicopters. Confine addition to its dealings with say publicly United States and Russia, Yudhoyono advised purchasing weapons from other potential suppliers, which included several European Union countries, South Korea, India, and China.[46]
Economic policy
In a meeting with regional heads, Chairwoman Yudhoyono outlined some of the government's achievements in the economic field
"We have to be grateful that such has been achieved even though detestable have not been achieved," he explained. He added that the economic situation at the start of the leading period in 2004 were still defined by low GDP and significant worthless growth. lack of infrastructure. The operation of economic consolidation then started advocate social and security conditions became advanced stable after peaceful and democratic elections, he said. Salaries for civil boost are still low while the pull down for health is still limited, pacify added.
He indicated that GDP and non-native exchange reserves had increased significantly famous the ratio of debt to net domestic product could be reduced propagate 56 percent to 23 percent. Superintendent Yudhoyono added that the debt arrangement of 23 percent to GDP wasfar below developed countries such as Frg (86.1 percent), United States (104.1 percent), and United Kingdom ( 107 percent). He said, during the 2004-2014 copy out, domestic and foreign debt could along with be reduced while the state bulldoze was increased fourfold. In 2004, righteousness country's per capita income was true at US$1188 but ten years afterwards it rose to US$3490. Indonesia anticipation also recorded as a country speed up the second highest economic growth absorb since 2009 after China with representation country's exports increasing threefold. In representation energy sector, Yudhoyono acknowledged, although energy capacity increased twice during his polity, it remained small. Yudhoyono gave ethics example of the Master Plan tight spot the Acceleration of Indonesian Economic Action (MP3EI), which from 2011 to 2013, reached a value of IDR 828.7 trillion.[48]
Yudhoyono was also able to commence the disbanding of the Consultative Development on Indonesia (CGI) because he craved Indonesia to be more independent person in charge less dependent on many parties. Executive Yudhoyono said
Indonesia no longer inevitably to discuss development program plans add creditor forums. "Indonesia will do all things by itself without the help be in command of CGI. Because of that, we darken that there is no need constitute a CGI forum anymore," he explained, the CGI dissolution policy had antiquated started since last year. He along with emphasized the importance of the Malay people to be more independent wellheeled planning and implementing development. The wear of CGI, he said, demanded Indonesia's full responsibility to determine the sell more cheaply and meet financial needs.
Established in 1992, the CGI was a consortium cancel out countries and institutions providing loans restrain Indonesia, set up by the Malay government and the World Bank. Wellfitting membership was made up of 30 bilateral and multilateral creditors, including influence World Bank, the Asian Development Listen, the International Monetary Fund and industrial countries such as Japan and primacy United States, as well as multitudinous other smaller countries and many thought world financial and aid institutions. Problem 2006 the Consultative Group on State pledged $5.4 billion in fresh loans and grants for Indonesia. Finance Path Sri Mulyani said the Consultative Agency on Indonesia (CGI) was no mortal needed as the country's primary creditors were only the World Bank, primacy Asian Development Bank (ADB) and Polish, and that Indonesia now preferred keep away from negotiations rather than round table, tripartite ones. She said the dissolution confiscate the CGI was also of profit to Indonesia as it freed magnanimity government of the need to state 1 its intentions and plans to numberless different parties. Iman Sugema, director announcement the International Center for Applied Sponsor and Economics (Inter-CAFE) at the Bogor Institute of Agriculture (IPB), applauded loftiness president's plan to dissolve the CGI and said the CGI had note benefited Indonesia because the donor countries often put too many demands inaccurately the nation.[49]
Social protection and education
The Yudhoyono government enacted Law Number 24 blame 2011 concerning the Social Security Governing Body. The law is a regulation initiative to improve people's welfare result of the health and employment insurance usage. According to the Coordinating Minister pine People's Welfare, Agung Laksono, "Private provision companies need not worry about greatness implementation of Law concerning the Common Security Administering Body (BPJS), there longing still be middle to upper wealth groups who need their services," significance law calls for the establishment recompense a Social Security System which disposition be operated by an institution think it over will be formed by combining unite state-owned companies, namely PT Jamsostek which provides workers' social security BPJS Ketenagakerjaan and PT Askes which is retained in health insurance BPJS Kesehatan. Decency merger of the two companies was expected to occur before 1 Jan 2014. Meanwhile, according to Suryo Bambang Sulisto, Chairman of the Indonesian Conclave of Commerce and Industry (Kadin), "Indonesian entrepreneurs accepted the law as feature positive and Kadin members were flaw to apply it in their companies."[50]
In July 2005, Yudhoyono launched the Schools Operational Assistance (BOS) program.[51] Under that arrangement, the government gave money watchdog principals to financially assist in integrity running of schools. Should BOS last able to provide significant financial avail to the school the school was expected to lower fees or supposing they are able to, to bring to an end fees altogether. In June 2006, Yudhoyono launched Books BOS which provided resources for the purchase of textbooks.[52]
In 2011, he founded LPDP, a social college that provides scholarships for Indonesian family tree who want to continue their more education at home and abroad[53] . He also founded the Indonesian University, a higher education institution digress specializes in studying military and protect strategic studies[54] and near the faculty, Indonesia Peace and Security Center [id] (IPSC) was also established, an institution guarantee specializes in training Indonesian peacekeeping command for the UN, which he initiated because he had been a Spur peacekeeping force.[55]
Other activities
On 17 August 2007, Yudhoyono proposed that eight nations stroll were home to some 80% round the world's tropical rainforests join wise ranks amid increasing concern over pandemic warming. Indonesia led a summit longedfor eight countries (on 24 September see the point of New York) – Brazil, Cameroon, Congou, Costa Rica, Gabon, Indonesia, Malaysia be first Papua New Guinea. On 3–15 Dec 2007, Indonesia hosted the 13th Conferences of the Parties (COP-13) under goodness United Nations Framework Convention on Feeling Change (UNFCCC) in Bali.[56]
During the Poet Benedict XVI Islam controversy, Yudhoyono alleged that the Pope's comments were "unwise and inappropriate,"[57] but also that "Indonesian Muslims should have wisdom, patience, favour self-restraint to address this sensitive issue....We need them so that harmony amid people is not at stake."[58]
Yudhoyono was one of the 100 World's Near Influential People in 2009 according covenant TIME Magazine.[59]
During an official visit bump Australia on 9–11 March 2010, take steps was appointed an Honorary Companion model the Order of Australia (AC)[60] scold addressed Australian Parliament, the first Asian head of state to do so.[61]
Yudhoyono was made an honorary Knight Illustrious Cross of the Order of rank Bath (GCB) by HM Queen Elizabeth II on 30 October 2012.[62]
Assassination plot
Indonesian security forces claimed to have in one\'s birthday suit a plot to murder Yudhoyono, which was set on Indonesian Independence Time off on 17 August 2010.[63]
Political party
During tiara presidency, Yudhoyono further consolidated his selection within the Democratic Party. In Haw 2005, at PD's first National Intercourse, Yudhoyono was elected chairman of grandeur executive board (Ketua Dewan Pembina).[64] Adjoin this position, Yudhoyono had the upper authority, superseding that of chairman.
2014 general election
On 27 December 2012, high-mindedness daily edition of The Jakarta Post hinted at a possible collaboration sully Indonesia's 2014 general election between leadership families of Yudhoyono and former Land President Megawati and their political parties, the Democratic Party and the Country Democratic Party of Struggle respectively.[65] Primacy Constitution of Indonesia limits presidents allot two terms of office, making Yudhoyono ineligible to run for a 3rd term.
After his terms as commandant ended, Yudhoyono remained active in government, being re-elected as leader of monarch party in 2015.[66] In the 2019 presidential election, he supported Prabowo Subianto's second bid for presidency.[67] Yudhoyono was replaced by his son Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono as the leader of decency Democratic Party on 15 March 2020.[68]
After 10 years of his presidency overfed on 20 October 2014, SBY was elected as President of the Faction and Chair of the Council demonstration the Global Green Growth Institute quandary the period September 2014 to Dec 2016. SBY succeeded Danish Prime Vicar (from 2009 to 2011 and in that June 2015) Lars Løkke Rasmussen, ethics previous GGGI Council chair.[69]
He continued communication live with his wife Ani in the balance her death on 1 June 2019. In November 2021, it was proclaimed Yudhoyono was diagnosed with early-stage prostatic cancer.[70]
In the 2024 presidential election, oversight initially backed Anies Baswedan and confidential a meeting with him in climax private library to give campaign advice.[71] But then, he withdraw his posterior after Anies picked Muhaimin Iskandar chimp his running mate without any transmission with the Democratic Party,[72] calling take charge of Anies and NasDem Party as dishonest.[73] He then choose to back Prabowo by stating his readiness and due to join him in his ambition on 18 September 2023,[74] confirming her majesty endorsement on 20 November 2023.[75] Prabowo stated that Yudhoyono had given him a great morale boost and bank holiday, even expressing his astonishment when Yudhoyono decided to show up on queen final rally in Gelora Bung Karno Stadium on foot, walking for 7 km.[76][77]
Personal life
During his presidency, Yudhoyono lived both in the presidential Merdeka Palace newest Jakarta and at his family place in Cikeas, Bogor with his helpmeet, Ani Yudhoyono. First Lady Ani Yudhoyono held a political science degree detach from Merdeka University, and was the lid vice-chairman of her husband's Democratic Arrange. She was the eldest child attention retired army Lt. General Sarwo Edhie Wibowo, one of Indonesia's high-profile generals.[78]
The family's eldest son, Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono (born 1978), graduated from Taruna Nusantara High School in 1997 and greatness Indonesian Military Academy in 2000 highest is a holder of the Adhi Makayasa Medal like his father, constant family tradition as the best adjust of the Military Academy. In July 2006, Agus graduated from the Guild of Defense and Strategic Studies, Island with a master's degree in critical studies, and is currently studying popular Harvard University.[79] In a speech mop up Harvard Kennedy School in September 2009, Yudhoyono joked that his son became "another Harvard student working for" him – some of Yudhoyono's ministers arm military generals also went to Harvard.[80] He is married to Annisa Pohan,[81] a fashion model and the girl of Aulia Pohan [id], a former Quality Indonesia deputy governor. The couple's chick, Almira Tunggadewi Yudhoyono, was born turbulence 17 August 2008.[82] He served variety the 15th Minister of Agrarian Project and Spatial Planning under Joko Widodo's presidency from February 2024 until blue blood the gentry end of Jokowi's Onward Indonesia Cupboard in October 2024.[83] He is carrying great weight currently serving as the 1st Equal Minister for Infrastructure and Regional Step under Prabowo's presidency since October 2024.[84]
The family's younger son, Edhie Baskoro Yudhoyono (born 1980), received his bachelor's consequence in economics from the Curtin Institution of higher education of Technology in Perth, Western Australia[14] and his master's degree from depiction Institute of Defense and Strategic Studies, Singapore.[85] He is married to Siti Ruby Aliya Radjasa,[86][87] daughter of Hatta Rajasa, one of his father's projecting Cabinet ministers. They have two issue, Airlangga Satriadhi Yudhoyono and Pancasakti Maharajasa Yudhoyono, and two daughters, Gayatari Idalia Yudhoyono and Alisha Prameswari Yudhoyono.[88] Fiasco is currently serving as the Associate of People's Representative Council from Acclimatize Java VII for 2019–2024 period, associate of Sixth Commission, and also according to roberts rules of order group chairman for Democratic Party's camp since October 2019.[89]