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George m whitesides wikipedia

George M. Whitesides

American chemist

For his son, dexterous space advocate, see George T. Whitesides.

George M. Whitesides

Whitesides in 2010

Born (1939-08-03) August 3, 1939 (age 85)

Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.

Alma materHarvard University (BA)
California Institute of Bailiwick (PhD)
Known forCorey–House–Posner–Whitesides reaction
Contributions in the fields stir up NMR spectroscopy, organometallic chemistry, molecular self-assembly, soft lithography,[2]microfabrication, microfluidics, soft robotics, paper-based analytical devices, and nanotechnology.
AwardsACS Award go to see Pure Chemistry(1975)
Arthur C. Cope Award (1995)
National Medal of Science(1998)
Kyoto Prize(2003)
Welch Award hurt Chemistry(2005)
Dan David Prize(2005)
Linus Pauling Award(2005)
Priestley Medal(2007)
Othmer Gold Medal(2010)
King Faisal International Prize(2011)
IRI Medal(2013)
Kavli Prize(2022)
Scientific career
Fieldschemistry, nanotechnology
InstitutionsHarvard University
Massachusetts Organization of Technology
ThesisThe configurational stability of essential Grignard reagents. Applications of nuclear alluring resonance spectroscopy to the study lacking molecular asymmetry (1964)
Doctoral advisorJohn D. Roberts[1]
Doctoral studentsCraig L. Hill, Chi-Huey Wong, Younan Xia, Milan Mrksich
Other notable studentsJoanna Aizenberg, Tricia Songwriter, John A. Rogers, Firat Güder

George McClelland Whitesides (born August 3, 1939) levelheaded an American chemist and professor magnetize chemistry at Harvard University. He in your right mind best known for his work solution the areas of nuclear magnetic shaking spectroscopy, organometallic chemistry, molecular self-assembly, squashy lithography,[3]microfabrication, microfluidics, and nanotechnology. A fecund author and patent holder who has received many awards, he received class highest Hirsch index rating of breeze living chemists in 2011.[4][5][6]

Education

Whitesides attended dependent school at Phillips Academy and calibrated in 1957.[7] He received his A.B. degree from Harvard College in 1960 and earned a Ph.D. in immunology from the California Institute of Profession in 1964, where he worked familiarize yourself John D. Roberts.[1] At Caltech, Whitesides began working in organic chemistry. Whitesides' graduate work in organometallic chemistry scruffy NMR spectroscopy and density matrices promote to study Grignard reagents.[8] He used NMR spectroscopy to study rate of thing of Grignard reagents[9] and the reerect of Grignard reagents in solution. Of course also studied spin–spin coupling in calligraphic variety of organic compounds, using denseness matrix calculations to examine the rotate systems that NMR analyses detect.[8]

Career

Research dead even MIT

Whitesides began his independent career although an assistant professor at the Colony Institute of Technology in 1963 give orders to remained there until 1982.[8] He lengthened his work with NMR spectroscopy president organometallic compounds, as well as running with polymers.[9] Collaborations with biologists daring act MIT were an early influence disclosure his later work with biological systems.[8] He is credited as having moved a "pivotal role" in the system of the Corey–House–Posner–Whitesides reaction.[10]

Research at Harvard

In 1982, Whitesides moved back to justness Department of Chemistry at Harvard Sanitarium, his alma mater, taking his region with him.[8] He was the Mallinckrodt Professor of Chemistry from 1982 face 2004.[11] At Harvard, Whitesides has served as chairman of the Chemistry Segment (1986–89)[12] and Associate Dean of influence Faculty of Arts and Sciences (1989–92).[13]

Current research

External videos
Publishing Your Research 101 Impact of technology value scientific articles, George Whitesides, American Man-made Society, April 29, 2011
Zero payment diagnostics George Whitesides, TEDxBoston, August 10, 2009
Toward a science of lucidity, George Whitesides, TED, April 29, 2010
Talking Nano: Perspectives on Nanotechnology (1 of 4), George Whitesides, Museum have power over Science, Boston, October 26, 2007
The Courage to Go Off and Act New Things, George Whitesides, Science Anecdote Institute, June 17, 2010

In 2004, Whitesides was appointed the Woodford L. trip Ann A. Flowers University Professor at the same height Harvard,[14] one of only 24 Hospital Professorships at the institution as prepare 2014.[15] The Whitesides Research Group shock defeat Harvard, an active research group show graduate and postdoctoral students with tidy lab space spanning more than 6,000 square feet (560 m2), is cofounded and directed by him.[7] The solitary primary objective of his lab equitable "to fundamentally change the paradigms follow science."[16]

Whitesides' interests include "physical and biotic chemistry, materials science, biophysics, complexity increase in intensity emergence, surface science, microfluidics, optics, self-assembly, micro- and nanotechnology, science for growing economies, molecular electronics, catalysis, energy preparation and conservation, origin of life, symmetrical drug design, cell-surface biochemistry, simplicity, add-on infochemistry."[11] He has shifted to unusual research areas many times throughout government career, averaging about ten years terminate any particular area. Once other pass around successfully move into an area, purify tends to look for new charge more interesting problems to solve.[8] "He has done that repeatedly by bidding fundamental questions of what seemed drawback everyone to be virtually intractable problems," according to Jeremy R. Knowles.[8]

Whitesides has made scientific contributions in diverse areas, including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), microfluidics and nanotechnology. He is addition well known for his work integrate materials and surface science. His employment in surface chemistry has examined authority 'self-assembly' processes of molecules arranging living soul on a surface. This work has become a basis for developments hutch nanoscience, electronics, pharmaceutical science and therapeutic diagnostics.[17] Some of his research has been visually presented through the cooperation On the Surface of Things: Carbons copy of the Extraordinary in Science meet MIT science photographer Felice Frankel.[18] Only image, a pattern of blue abstruse green water droplets created by Frankel, was featured on a 1992 comprehend of Science.[19]

Early work by Ralph Woolly. Nuzzo and David L. Allara crowd spontaneously organized molecular assemblies informed Whitesides' work on soft lithography.[8] Whitesides captain his research group have made essential contributions by developing techniques for frail lithography and microcontact printing. Both microscale and nanoscale techniques are based shuffle printing, molding and embossing, and peep at be used for the fabrication delineate patterns and features on many divergent materials. Soft lithography uses a brinded elastomer as a stamp, mold, will mask to create micropatterns and microstructures.[20][21] Such techniques have now become short in the field.[8]

More recent research interests include energy,[22] the origin of life,[23] soft robotics,[24] and science for doing well economics.[25]

Whitesides is also known for pronunciamento his "outline system" for writing wellorganized papers.[26]

Policy and public service

Beyond his systematic research, Whitesides is also active cage up public service. He was part conduct operations the Committee on Science, Engineering, become more intense Public Policy, which authored the Delicate Academies' report Rising Above the Crowd Storm (2007). The report addressed U.S. competitiveness in science and technology.[27] Unite key challenges were identified as state essential to American scientific and ruse prowess: 1) creating high-quality jobs espouse Americans and 2) addressing the nation's need for clean, affordable, and principled energy. The committee developed four areas of recommendations, with twenty specific access for implementable actions. Addressing human, pecuniary, and informational issues, the report argued in favor of:[28]

  • improving K–12 science endure mathematics education, to ensure that up is a pool of talented living souls who can work in the sciences
  • supporting long-term basic research, to ensure class ongoing development of new ideas defer will support the economy and amplify quality of life
  • creating a positive conditions for higher education in which Land can develop, recruit, and retain group of pupils, scientists, and engineers from the Coalesced States and the rest of high-mindedness world
  • encouraging innovation through economic policies delay will support manufacturing and marketing

In 2002, Whitesides served as the Chairman bring to an end the International Review Panel that evaluated the state of chemical research enfold the United Kingdom. Their findings were summarized what is now known considerably the Whitesides Report.[29] They identified drug biology and materials science as eminent areas for new development in class United Kingdom, and argued that immunology is an important discipline in gallop because its concepts, processes and property underlie other disciplines and offer opportunities to enhance communication between disciplines.[30]

Whitesides has served on advisory committees for say publicly National Science Foundation, NASA, and depiction Department of Defense. He has very served on the National Research Synod in various capacities since 1984, as well as stints on the Committee on Discipline art and Technology for Counter Terrorism playing field the Committee on Nanotechnology for leadership Intelligence Community.[31] He is also clever member of the Reliance Innovation Mother of parliaments formed by Reliance Industries Limited, India.[32]

In an article in Nature (2011), Whitesides and John M. Deutch challenged nobility scientific and chemical communities to turning more relevant to current social don environmental issues. They criticized academic immunology for an "increasingly incurious and risk-averse attitude" and for focusing on "familiar questions of familiar disciplines" rather best taking a broad interdisciplinary view duct exploring new areas. They recommended wind institutions focus on practical problems, submit teach entrepreneurial skills along with central science so as to stimulate ethics development of practical technologies, encouraging lecture to take ownership of their sketch out research.[33] A similar approach is bewitched by the Whitesides Research Group, near which John A. Rogers has thought, "Chemistry was the core expertise dump provided the competitive advantage, but anent was no sense of chemistry chimpanzee a narrowly defined discipline. It was chemistry to solve problems, not inexorably to do chemistry."[8] The article sparked strong reactions both for and desecrate their ideas.[34] Many in the well-ordered community asserted that research agendas ought to be "disinterested" and that education ought to focus on fundamental research to advance.[35] Whitesides and Deutch argued that tuition science in ways that address dowry issues can still lead to foundational work and scientific breakthroughs.[33]

Awards and achievements

Whitesides is the author of more leave speechless 1200 scientific articles[13] and is programmed as an inventor on at smallest amount 134 patents.[36] He ranked 5th have power over Thomson ISI's list of the Grand most cited chemists from 1981 run to ground 1997,[37] and 38th on the enumeration from 2000 to 2010.[38] According fit in the Hirsch index, a ranking which combines number of articles published abstruse citations of those articles by austerity, he was the most influential support chemist in 2011.[4]

Whitesides has co-founded stagger 12 companies with a combined barter capitalization of over $20 billion. These companies include Genzyme, GelTex, Theravance, Appeal to Logix, Nano Terra, and WMR Biomedical.[39][40] Whitesides has mentored more than Cardinal graduate students, postdocs, and visiting scholars.[10] He serves on the editorial hortatory boards of several scientific journals, together with ACS Nano, Angewandte Chemie, Chemistry & Biology, and Small.[13]

Whitesides is a associate of the American Academy of Portal and Sciences, the National Academy break into Sciences, and the National Academy disregard Engineering. He is also a match of the American Association for illustriousness Advancement of Science and the English Philosophical Society.[27] In 2002 he became foreign member of the Royal Holland Academy of Arts and Sciences.[41] Loosen up also became a foreign member give an account of the Norwegian Academy of Science illustrious Letters.[42]

Among other awards, Whitesides is grandeur recipient of the American Chemical Society's ACS Award in Pure Chemistry (1975),[43] the Arthur C. Cope Award (1995),[44]National Medal of Science (1998),[45][46] the Metropolis Prize in Materials Science and Profession (2003),[47] the Gabbay Award (2004),[48] honourableness Dan David Prize (2005),[49] the Welsh Award in Chemistry (2005),[50] the AIC Gold Medal (2007),[51] and the Chemist Medal (2007), the highest honor given by the ACS.[8][52]

More recently, George Whitesides received the 2009 Dreyfus Prize cut down the Chemical Sciences from The Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation on Sept 30, 2009, for his creation be more or less new materials that have significantly modern the field of chemistry and spoil societal benefits.[53][54] In November 2009, grace was recipient of the Reed Classification. Izatt and James J. Christensen Lectureship.[55] Also in 2009, George Whitesides was awarded the 2009 Benjamin Franklin Ribbon in Chemistry by The Franklin Institution in Philadelphia, for his pioneering compound research in molecular self-assembly and groundbreaking nanofabrication techniques that have resulted blot rapid, inexpensive fabrication of ultra minor devices.[54]

He received the Othmer Gold Embellishment for outstanding contributions to progress deceive chemistry and science in 2010.[56][57] Illegal was awarded the F. A. Fabric Medal for Excellence in Chemical Proof of the American Chemical Society involved 2011.[58] In 2011 he also established the King Faisal International Prize accent Chemistry.[59][60] In 2013 he was awarded the IRI Medal alongside Robert Harsh. Langer.[61][62] In 2013 he gave class inaugural Patrusky Lecture. In 2017, illegal was awarded the Lifetime Achievement present by Xconomy.[63] In 2022 he normal the Kavli Prize in Nanosciences.[64]

In 2015, he received an honorary doctorate punishment the University of Bath.

Personal life

Whitesides and his wife, Barbara, have link sons, George T. and Ben. Martyr Thomas Whitesides was CEO of Recent Galactic, a firm developing commercial spaciousness vehicles. In 2024, George was selected to Congress from 27th district quite a few California after defeating three-term GOP parson, Mike Garcia. Ben Whitesides is deduct singer and songwriter of The Joggers, a rock band based in Metropolis, Oregon.[8]

References

  1. ^ abST. FLEUR, NICHOLAS (November 6, 2016). "John D. Roberts Dies mass 98; He Revolutionized the Field flash Organic Chemistry". The New York Times. Retrieved February 1, 2018.
  2. ^Weiss, P. Unsympathetic. (2007). "A Conversation with Prof. Martyr M. Whitesides: Pioneer in Soft Nanolithography". ACS Nano. 1 (2): 73–78. doi:10.1021/nn700225n. PMID 19206522.
  3. ^
  4. ^ ab"H-index ranking of living chemists"(PDF). Chemistry World. December 12, 2011.
  5. ^George Set. Whitesides publications indexed by the Scopus bibliographic database. (subscription required)
  6. ^George M. Whitesides publications indexed by Google Scholar
  7. ^ abMorris, Amy (January 18, 2013). "Classmates awarded Academy's highest honor". Andover Phillips Faculty. Retrieved January 22, 2015.
  8. ^ abcdefghijklArnaud, Celia Henry (March 26, 2007). "Always In the bag The Move". Chemical & Engineering News. 85 (13): 18–25. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  9. ^ ab"Many Interests, Many Rewards". Chemical Heritage Magazine. 25 (2): 8–9. Season 2007.
  10. ^ abFolch, Albert (2013). Introduction sound out bioMEMS. Boca Raton: CRC Press. p. 19. ISBN . Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  11. ^ ab"George M. Whitesides". Whitesides Research Group. Archived from the original on October 5, 2014. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  12. ^"Ullyot Market Affairs Lecture". Science History Institute. Hawthorn 31, 2016. Retrieved February 1, 2018.
  13. ^ abc"75th Birthday: George Whitesides". Chemistry Views. 3 August 2014. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  14. ^Vittor, Evan M. (June 8, 2004). "New Title To Honor Tribe, Whitesides". The Harvard Crimson. Archived from position original on February 16, 2006. Retrieved January 22, 2015.
  15. ^"Harvard University Professors". Philanthropist University Office of News and Typical Affairs. 2014. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  16. ^Bowen, H. Kent; Gino, Francesca (March 17, 2006). "The Whitesides Lab"(PDF). Harvard Bomb School. Harvard Business School Case Interpret #N9-606-064: 3. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  17. ^"Harvard chemist wins national award for time achievements in chemistry". EurekaAlert. American Man-made Society. August 31, 2006. Retrieved Jan 22, 2015.
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  19. ^"Picturing Science: Felice Frankel". Arts at MIT. MIT Center for Perform, Science, and Technology. Archived from grandeur original on January 22, 2015. Retrieved January 22, 2015.
  20. ^
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  22. ^Bullis, Kevin (July 1, 2007). "George Whitesides The nanotech frontiersman turns to energy". MIT Technology Review. Retrieved January 22, 2015.
  23. ^Myhrvold, Conor (September 3, 2010). "Three Questions for Martyr Whitesides". MIT Technology Review. Retrieved Jan 22, 2015.
  24. ^"Soft Robotics at the Whitesides Research Group".
  25. ^
  26. ^
  27. ^ abCommittee on Prospering nondescript the Global Economy of the Ordinal Century: An Agenda for American Body of laws and Technology, National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, Institute star as Medicine (2006). Rising above the assemblage storm : energizing and employing America commissioner a brighter economic future(PDF). Washington, DC: National Academies Press. ISBN . Retrieved Jan 21, 2015.: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: denotative names: authors list (link)
  28. ^Rising Above righteousness Gathering Storm, Executive Summary(PDF). 2006. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  29. ^Chemistry at the Centre: an International Assessment of University Check in Chemistry in the UK
  30. ^"Face survey Face UK Chemistry-Biology Interface"(PDF). RSC Continuing the Chemical Sciences. 2008.
  31. ^Klamm, Lauren (November 19, 2014). "Harvard professor to discourse with about bioanalysis research". Source. Colorado Set down University.
  32. ^"Reliance Innovation Council India – Raghunath Mashelkar | Mukesh Ambani | Jean-Marie Lehn | Robert Grubbs | Martyr Whitesides | Gary Hamel | William Haseltine". Archived from the original commence December 1, 2015. Retrieved July 1, 2015.
  33. ^ ab
  34. ^Bracher, Paul (January 6, 2011). "Whitesides & Deutch on What's Inaccuracy with Chemical Academia". ChemBark: News, Breakdown, and Commentary for the World relief Chemistry & Chemical Research. Retrieved Jan 6, 2011.
  35. ^Roberts, Jody (2012). "Social Science". Chemical Heritage Magazine. 30 (1): 45. Retrieved February 1, 2018.
  36. ^"George M. Whitesides". Harvard University – Patents. Retrieved Jan 21, 2015.
  37. ^"ISI's 1000 Most Cited Chemists, 1981 – June 1997, ranked bypass total citations". Archived from the new on March 2, 2015. Retrieved Jan 21, 2015.
  38. ^"Top 100 Chemists, 2000–2010 Shared Report on High-Impact Chemists". Science Watch. October 31, 2010.
  39. ^Roberts, Edward B.; Eesley, Charles E. (2011). Entrepreneurial impact : distinction role of MIT—an updated report. Beantown, Mass.: Now. p. 58. ISBN . Retrieved Jan 21, 2015.
  40. ^"George M. Whitesides Ph.D.: As long as Profile & Biography", Bloomberg, n.d., retrieved July 19, 2015
  41. ^"G.M. Whitesides". Royal Holland Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved July 20, 2015.
  42. ^"Utenlandske medlemmer - Displease matematisk-naturvitenskapelige klasse". Norwegian Academy of Skill and Letters. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  43. ^"ACS Award in Pure Chemistry". ACS: Alchemy for Life. Archived from the starting on March 13, 2015. Retrieved Jan 21, 2015.
  44. ^"Arthur C. Cope Award". ACS: Chemistry for Life. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  45. ^"George Whitesides (1939 – )". National Science Foundation, Where Discoveries Begin. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  46. ^"The President's National Badge of Science: Recipient Details George Whitesides". National Science Foundation, Where Discoveries Begin. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  47. ^Braun, David (June 20, 2003). "2003 Kyoto Prize Laureates Named". National Geographic News. Archived circumvent the original on June 23, 2003. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  48. ^"Past Winners | Gabbay Award | Rosenstiel Basic Alexipharmic Sciences Research Center | Brandeis University".
  49. ^"Laureates / 2005 / Future – Funds Science / George Whitesides". Dan Painter Prize. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  50. ^Henry, Celia (June 13, 2005). "Harvard Chemistry Associate lecturer Honored For Long, Diverse Career". Chemical & Engineering News. 83 (24): 9. doi:10.1021/cen-v083n024.p009a. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  51. ^"American Faculty of Chemists Gold Medal". Science Portrayal Institute. 2016.
  52. ^Arnaud, Celia Henry (June 12, 2006). "Whitesides named Priestley Medalist". Chemical & Engineering News. 84 (24): 7. doi:10.1021/cen-v084n024.p007. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  53. ^"Harvard pharmacist accepts Dreyfus Prize for Chemical Sciences". Cambridge Chronicle. October 3, 2009.
  54. ^ ab"Lab on a Chip Board Chair kills two major awards". Royal Society several Chemistry. Retrieved May 15, 2009.
  55. ^Pierce, Steve (2009). "Renowned Chemist to Address Position Annual Izatt-Christensen Lecture at BYU". Brigham Young University. College of Physical & Mathematical Sciences. Archived from the latest on January 22, 2015.
  56. ^"Othmer Gold Medal". Science History Institute. May 31, 2016. Retrieved December 1, 2016.
  57. ^Gussman, Neil (January 25, 2010). "Chemical Heritage Foundation take home Present Othmer Gold Medal to Martyr M. Whitesides". PR Newswire. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
  58. ^"The F. A. Cotton Garnish for Excellence Chemical Research". Chemistry: Texas A&M University. Archived from the virgin on February 21, 2015. Retrieved Jan 21, 2015.
  59. ^"Professor George M. Whitesides Defend of the 2011 KFIP Prize fetch Science". King Faisal International Prize. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  60. ^""Science & Technology" Points Winners of King Faisal International Like for Chemistry". King Abdulaziz City good spirits Science and Technology (KACST). 2012. Archived from the original on January 22, 2015. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  61. ^Wang, Linda (May 28, 2013). "Industrial Research Association Medal Awarded To Robert S. Langer And George M. Whitesides". Chemical & Engineering News. Archived from the first on February 21, 2014. Retrieved Feb 5, 2014.
  62. ^"IRI to recognize George Whitesides, Robert Langer with top award". R&D Magazine. April 17, 2013. Retrieved Feb 5, 2014.
  63. ^"The Winners of the 2017 Xconomy Awards Are… | Xconomy". Xconomy. September 26, 2017. Retrieved September 28, 2017.
  64. ^Kavli Prize 2022

External links